The Interpretation of Dreams

*"The Interpretation of Dreams" (1899) Sigmund Freud ke sapno ke vishleshan par adharit ek kitab hai. Isme Freud ne unconscious mind ke baare me apni soch rakhi. Yeh kitab baad me Oedipus complex theory ki buniyad bani. Freud ne is kitab ko kam se kam aath baar revise kiya. Teesre edition me usne Wilhelm Stekel ke prabhav me aakar ek bada section joda, jisme sapno ke symbols ka seedha arth samjhaya. Jab yeh kitab pehli baar chhapi, tab sirf 600 copies bani thi, jo aath saal tak bik nahi paayi. Baad ke saalon me yeh kitab zyada lokpriya ho gayi.

Freud ne 1895 ki garmi ki chhuttiyan Austria ke Schloss Bellevue jagah par bitayi. Wahi usne "The Interpretation of Dreams" ke vichar sochna shuru kiya. 1900 me Wilhelm Fliess ko likhe ek patr me Freud ne likha, "Kya tumhe lagta hai ki kisi din is ghar par ek marble ki takhti lagi hogi jisme likha hoga—‘Is ghar me 24 July 1895 ko Dr. Sigm. Freud ne sapno ka raaz samjha’?" Us samay Freud ko aisa hone ki ummid nahi thi. Schloss Bellevue me hi Freud ne ‘Irma’s injection’ naam ka prasiddh sapna dekha. Is sapne ka vishleshan karke usne apne ek patient ke galat ilaj ke ilzam se apne aap ko bebas kar liya.

Freud ki theory ke anusaar, sapne “wish fulfilment” hote hain—yeh unconscious mind ke andar chhupi kisi chinta ya purani baat ko suljhane ki koshish hote hain. Lekin unconscious mind me jo soch hoti hai, wo ast-vyast aur kabhi-kabhi dar lagane wali hoti hai. Is wajah se ek “censor” hota hai jo in baaton ko seedhe conscious mind tak nahi aane deta. Freud ne ‘manifest content’ shabd ka upyog kiya, jo batata hai ki sapna dekhne ke baad hume jo yaad rehta hai, wo asal me sapne ka badla hua roop hota hai. Raat me sapne dekhte waqt preconscious thoda dheela pad jata hai, par fir bhi censor ka kaam karta rehta hai. Is wajah se unconscious mind apni soch ko tod-mod kar dikhata hai taki wo censor ko paar kar sake. Freud ke mutabik, sapno me jo dikhai deta hai, wo asal me kuch aur hota hai, isiliye sapno ka gehra vishleshan karna zaroori hai.